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How The Two State Solution Can Solve The Arab / Israeli...

Arushi Saxena Period 4, History December 1st, 2015 How the Two-State Solution Can Solve the Arab/Israeli Conflict Over the years, people have argued about different solutions for the Arab/Israeli conflict. The Arab-Israeli conflict is an ongoing incongruity between Israelis and the Palestinians. Since 1948, the state of Israel is in the center of the dispute between the Palestinians and Israelis over who should own the land. The Jews (Israelis) claim that the land is theirs based on the promise to Abraham and his descendants and that the land was in fact the â€Å"promised land of Judah.† They believe that it is a Jewish haven promised to them by God. The Palestinians claim to the land based on the fact that they have been living in the country for hundreds of years and they represented the majority until Israel was made a country in 1948. The Arabs believe Abraham’s son, Ishmael, is the forefather of the Arabs, and that the land has also been promised to them. The solution that was brought up to solve to problem was the â€Å"two-state solution.† The two-state solution sol ves the Arab/Israeli conflict by seperating Palestine and Israel into two different states. This solution has been addressed by the United Nations several times but they have never reached a solution. Palestine is technically not its own â€Å"state† today. Palestine is not a country, but it s a region of that part of the middle east. Israel is a country, which lies inside Palestine. Palestinians are non-Jews thatShow MoreRelatedPalestine And Palestine Of Palestine1506 Words   |  7 PagesPalestine and Israel have been in conflict since 1948 for the ownership of Palestinian territory. When the Ottoman Empire collapsed, Palestine became part of the administration of Great Britain after WWI despite British promises of a definite Palestinian independence. During WWII, several Jewish people fled to Palestine due to the Nazi persecution. Consequently, by the end of this war, there were six hundred thousand Jews in Palestinian territory, which created a coexistence tension. As a consequenceRead MoreThe Palestinian-Israel Conflict Essay2191 Words   |  9 PagesThe Palestinian-Israeli conflict has been in existence since the end of 19th century. The conflict became an international concern when Israel got its independence in 1948. This conflict has resulted in a lot of minor conflicts and 5major wars. Tensions between the Arabs and Zionists started after the 1800’s when the immigration of the European Jews to Palestine was on the increase. The population of Palestine from 1882-1883 was 468,000 and the population consisted of 408 Muslims, 44,000 ChristiansRead MoreThe Conflict Of The West Bank And Gaza Strip1814 Words   |  8 PagesOne State, Two States Few, if any, modern conflicts are as complex as the Arab-Israeli conflict. Specifically, the political situation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip has led to bloodshed, political high wire acts, and cycles of hope and disappointment for decades. Consensus has generally leaned towards advocated a two-state solution for the conflict, in which the Israel remains a Jewish state, and the Palestinian Arabs establish their own country carved from currently Israeli-occupied territoriesRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of The Oslo Accords Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesArticle Review: The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Accords According to an apocryphal story, Pope John Paul once said that he believes there are two possible solutions to the Arab-Israeli conflict, the realistic and the miraculous. The realistic being divine intervention, and the miraculous being a voluntary agreement by both parties. On September 13th, 1993, it looked like the miraculous had happened when the Oslo Accords were signed by Prime Minister Rabin and PLO Chairman Arafat on the White HouseRead MoreThe Tensions Between Muslims And Jews1908 Words   |  8 Pages Despite current misconceptions of the tensions between Muslims and Jews, the current political conflict began in the early 20th century. The Palestinians, both muslims and christians, lived in peace for centuries. Control of the city had historically, since 637 AD, been under Muslim control with guarantee of Christians’ safety, right to property, and right to practice religion. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire led to European nations colonizing many of its f ormer lands, and the British gainedRead MoreThe Israeli Palestinian Conflict, By Benjamin Netanyahu1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be seen from different perspectives, one of them being from the Likud party in the Israeli government. In particular, there are stances that Likud takes on the conflict. Right now, Benjamin Netanyahu is the Israeli Prime Minister, and his current approach to dealing with the conflict differs from the approach taken in 2009. The Likud party is considered hardliner and right-winged, meaning that it is harder to compromise with this political party due to their strictRead MorePeace Negotiations in International Security1477 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle-east (ME) being a conflict area for a long time, got adequate focus. Tale of oil rich ME is a story of conflicts having Israel-Palestine issue at the core, and the stability and peace of this region largely hinged on to the solution of this issue. So far, a number of unsuccessf ul initiatives have been taken by world community for the solution of the issue. ‘Roadmap for peace’ was one of such initiative, initially coined by USA, which calls for a two state solution. Like other past initiativesRead MorePalestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker2441 Words   |  10 PagesPalestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker Name Institution Palestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker The Palestinian movie industry has significantly grown in the resent past despite the challenge they face with majority of the movies coming from different sources of film production. There lack adequate equipments that are used to produce the movies, and this poses a great challenge to the industry. Lack of funds to financeRead MoreIsrael Palestine Conflict, an International Relations Research Paper8749 Words   |  35 PagesNATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR Subject: International Relations Israel- Palestine Conflict: History and Solution Submitted by: Mitali Agarwal and Pragati K. B Roll no. 924 Roll no. 929 IV semester IV semester BPSc LLB BPSc LLB Submitted to: Prof. Om Prakash National Law University, Jodhpur Abstract After more than 50 years of war, terrorism, peace negotiation and human suffering, Israel and Palestine remain as far from a peaceful settlement as everRead MoreConflict Between Arabs And Arabs3197 Words   |  13 PagesEgypt, and the Red Sea. The Jewish state was created at the conclusion of World War II by the United Nations when the British Mandate expired and the State of Israel was officially established on May 14, 1948, but it lacked clear borders in an area where tensions between Arabs and Jews had already been in existence for thousands of years. Even though Israel is The Jewish State, demographics for 2014 show the population to be 75% Jewish and 24% Arab. This Arab population, mostly Palestinian, occupies

The Injustices of Being Mexican free essay sample

The Injustices of being a Mexican [ september 12, 2010] The injustices of being a Mexican Throughout the course of history, United States has been home to millions of immigrants from every country in the world. In particular, Latino immigrants are the highest number of immigrants presently in the United States. Latino and African-American immigrants,have suffered the most injustices than any other culture. Injustices, that comes from every type and form of racial and ethnic discrimination. The impact that this subordinate group has made on the economy, education, Justice system, and population is ndeniably tremendous. Did the United States discriminate more, towards the Mexican-American immigrants than an any other minority group? Immigration of Mexican-Americans During the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), the United States conquered and took much of the Southwest area from Mexico. For any of the Mexicans that lived in those areas, were subject to discrimination. Mexicans, entered American society, as a conquered-people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Injustices of Being Mexican or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Labeled as illegal immigrants, the start of injustices in the form of discrimination began. In the Unites States, racism and discrimination is a ajor issue, starting back during the colonial era. Racist attitudes and prejudices are held by a huge portion of the population in the United States. The majority according to statistics, 32. 5 million foreign-born people are from Latin America, specifically Mexico. Segregation, Discrimination, and Racism Mexican-American immigrants suffered many injustices, here in the U. S. , especially during the Great Depression. During this era, the United States sponsored a Mexican Repatriation Act, that encouraged all Mexican immigrants to go back to Mexico voluntarily. However, many were removed by force, and beaten. The Zoot Suit Riots (1943), were racial violence issues against Latinos (e. g. Mexican-American), in Los Angeles. Dozens of naval servicemen, were stationed in the Latino communities, and conflicted with Mexican-American youths. Young Mexican-Americans, throughout the Untied States, struggled to belong anywhere. The struggle to create identities for their people and themselves, thus the Chicano Movement was born (Gale, 1997). Businesses, public institutions, and homeowners associations created policies that purposely excluded Mexican-Americans from doing business with them. In other terms, redlining iscrimination occurred. School children of Mexican American descent, were subject to racial segregation. Mexican-Americans were also excluded from being Jurors in court cases. Many Mexican-Americans were forced to live in separate residential areas, due to real estate laws, and environmental Justice discrimination. With the housing for Mexican-Americans, being near refineries, and highly polluted areas, the effects of run-down areas of the local environment, caused unwanted health conditions for many. Forms of Discrimination Mexican- Americans became subject to many forms of discrimination. Bartles, 2010), stated,[ Just as an invisible barrier that seems hard to see, but exists like a glass escalator. conceptually similar to those based on other biological characteristics, of age and race. The most comprehensive report created in 1996, by the Federal Glass ceiling commission, was about gender and ethnic segregation in the workplace. This report identifies barriers to woman and ethnic minorities in employment, otherwise known as Glass Walls. Ethnic Minority women(Hispanic), make up only 2-9% of the workforce (Sidanius, 1993). Other forms of discrimination that Mexican-Americans have suffered re: Reverse Discrimination, Double Jeopardy, Glass Ceiling, Affirmative ActionÃ'› Institutional Discrimination, and Dual Labor Market. When two separate labor markets are defined by two dimensions of characteristics of Jobs against characteristics of individuals (Wachtel, 2009). I am culturally defined by the Mexican- American ethnic group, but seemed to be perceived as white. This type of identity has its good an bad points. I live by a traditional Mexican culture and heritage, but am classified as American, by language, skin tone and class. Conclusion

Role of the Doctor free essay sample

A strong grounding in relevant science and in clinical practice as well as providing opportunities to develop an appreciation for research. Doctors must have the ability to assimilate new knowledge critically, have strong intellectual skills and grasp of scientific principles and be capable of dealing effectively with and of managing uncertainty, ambiguity and complexity. They must have the capacity to work out solutions from first principles when the pattern does not fit. All doctors must be emonstrably committed to reflective practice, monitoring their contribution and working continually to improve their own and their teams performance. Doctors must all be committed to playing a part in the education and support of the next generation of medical practitioners and of facilitating the advancement of evidence based practice. The doctor needs to be capable of assessing and managing risk; this requires high level decision making skills and the ability to work outside defined protocols when circumstances demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the Doctor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Doctors must also be able to make informed ecisions about when supportive care is more appropriate for the patient than intervention. The doctor must possess the ability to work effectively as a member of a healthcare team, recognising and respecting the skills and attributes of other professions and of patients. Patients with long term and disabling conditions are particularly likely to be experts in their own condition and should be supported to keep as healthy and independent as possible. All doctors have a role in the maintenance and promotion of population health, hrough evidence based practice. Some will enhance the health of the population through taking on roles in health education or research, service improvement and re- design, in public health and through health advocacy. Notwithstanding the primacy of the individual doctor:patient relationship, the doctor must appreciate the needs of the patient in the context of the wider health needs of the population. For all doctors the patient must come first but they will achieve this in different ways and in different settings. As the critical decision maker with responsibility for significant health resources the doctor must be capable of both management and leadership and of taking ultimate responsibility for clinical decisions. Within a world where the capacity to treat is growing but financial resources are finite, doctors have a duty to use resources wisely and effectively and engage in constructive debate about such use. They should ensure that their own and others skills and knowledge are deployed to best possible effect. Doctors have a key role in enhancing clinical ervices through their positions of responsibility. Some will move on from clinical leadership and management to leadership roles within organisations at various levels service, institutional, national and international. The role of the doctor is changing and will continue to change alongside the needs and expectations of patients. Patients are increasingly better informed and act as partners in their own healthcare. The doctor serves as advisor, interpreter and supporter in this endeavour. This statement has the support of:

Opportunity Cost

Opportunity Cost Current Event - Opportunity CostWhen thinking about the term opportunity cost or trade-off, many individuals know this to be choosing between two things, and ultimately losing something in choosing one alternative to another. That is exactly what opportunity cost is, choosing an option but losing the benefits of the other. As people, we do what we need to survive, and ultimately what is best for us and our futures. What some do not realize, is that we make these kinds of decisions on a daily basis, and one of the most important decisions it seems these days involves education.There are many decisions involved in deciding ones educational approach. Some students look at how long a degree might take to complete (years wise), others may look at how much that degree will pay off in the long run (income wise), and then some may look at what degree they wish to pursue depending on their skills and love of the career they expect to gain.Phil Edwards of Canda (centre) competing in the me...T he statistics show that Phil, in one hour, can produce either 1 financial statement or answer 8 phone calls. In contrast, Francis can either produce 2 financial statements or answer 10 phone calls. When I figure these statistics into a work day that consists of 8 hours, Phil produces 64 phone calls or 8 financial statements, and conversely Francis produces 80 phone calls and 16 financial statements. These statistics clearly show that Francis has the absolute advantage when it comes to productivity and time by producing twice as many financial statements and answering twenty percent more phone calls than Phil in one hour.To better explain my decision I broke Phil's and Francis's opportunity cost...

What I Learned from the Fire essays

What I Learned from the Fire essays Experiencing a house fire changes what you value in life and it shows you what is truly important. ?As the bell rang Friday, August 31st, (Labor Day weekend) I thought it was going to be the best weekend of my entire life. My grandparents from Florida came for a visit and I had so many plans with my friends. It got ever better when I realized I had no homework. That night my family and I went out to eat at Parason's which is really rare for us because we never go out to eat. I remember being so anxious at dinner because Laura and I were going to have a sleepover. Once dinner was over my parents finally dropped me off at Laura's. I remember telling Laura how much I hated my parents and that they ruin everything. I also remember complaining about things like I didn't have enough clothes. I only looked at the things I didn't have instead of being grateful for what I did have. ?The next day my dad came to pick me up early in the morning and we went shopping all day. Saturday night my mom went over to my grandparents hotel to spend some time with them, while my dad and I stayed home and watched a movie. My mom came home long after my dad and I had fallen asleep. She always parks her car in the garage and of course shuts the garage door after she parked. My dog and two cats are outside pets and they stay in the garage at night. At 4:15 on Sunday morning, I awoke to my mom barging in my room and pulling up my blinds to see what was going on outside. She woke up because she thought she heard gun shots going off at our house, but what we saw was huge orange flames. We both panicked. You think my house will never burn down or if it did, you would grab some of your most treasured items. But let me tell you, when it is happening to you all you are thinking about is getting out of there. I didn't even have enough time to grab my glasses. My mom seemed to be really calm and I could never understand why. My dad thought she wa...

Open Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Open - Essay Example Corll, Henley, and Brooks were responsible for the deaths of more than 28 teenage boys during 1970-1973 in Houston, Texas, all of whom were abducted, kidnapped, raped, tortured, and murdered by the trio (Olsen, pp. 46). Dean Corll, the central figure of the Houston Mass Murders, was the son of Mary Robinson and Arnold Edwin Corll. He was born in the year 1939. For much of his childhood, Corll remained a shy child who rarely socialized with others. Observers linked the same with the fact that his parents had divorced twice, and the family had to relocate several times due to the marital problems. For the early 1960s, Corll, along with his mother, ran a small candy shop. He was famous to give away free candy to the children and teenagers, especially boys. He was drafted to the US Army in the year 1964 but was honorably discharged after he expressed the desire to serve the family business. It was by this time that it became apparent that Corll had homosexual tendencies. He had developed a homosexual relationship with a David Brooks, a fifteen-year-old boy in the year 1970. Brooks was much younger during the days when Corll ran the candy business. He not only gave free candy to Brooks but also lend him money whenever he needed it. In return, Corll asked for sexual favors. Later Brooks developed a deal with Corll where he would get a sum of 200 US dollars in exchange for every teenage boy that he could lure into Corll’s house. During the fall of 1971, Brooks was able to con young Henley into joining him for a â€Å"party with lots of beer and weed† (Schmid, p. 140). However, he was just another victim of Corll sexual desires who would be raped and tortured and then would die due to strangling or a bullet from the 0.22 caliber gun of Corll. However, something led Corll to believe that Henley would make a perfect accomplice and rather than subjecting him to his sexual

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass Research Paper

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass - Research Paper Example Google glass is a new application, and people are not familiar with its usability. It has applications that are different from those existing in mobile computers such as car navigation system, laptops, and cell phones. The Google Glass software is at the trial stages hence can be considered immature and difficult for people to apply. It is also not practical for the Google to physically train their customers on how to use the gadget. However, there are some programs that can be accessed via internet that can train people on how to use the Glass. The programs are also able to involve people from their convenient places such as their homes and workplace by giving feedback as well as asking questions (Kaufman 77). The fact that the Google Glass is a new technology, many users fear that their privacy may be jeopardized. Some think that the gadget may be used in monitoring their privacy in their workplace as well as their homes. People using the Glass scare others by making them think that the persons wearing the Glass is secretly taking photos and videos which can be shared to a remote server and be used for other purposes. It is as a result of the breach of privacy that people are barred from using the Glass in places such as casinos and other personal businesses premises. Though the gadget is used in sending and receiving text, e-mails, news updates and photos just like the phones, the Google has to address issues related to privacy. The fact that the technology is very new in the market, not much has been done to determine its safety on the users. There are reported cases where people without vision problem experience headache and eyestrains after using the glass for a short time. There is also an unknown risk to people with eye problems such as those who had once undergone a Lasik surgery after using the Glass. The use of the Google Glass is also not suitable for children under the age of 13

Origin of Oceania and Tradition Essay Example for Free

Origin of Oceania and Tradition Essay The Origin and the navigational techniques used by islanders to travel over large Open Ocean has given question to academic writers, on how the islanders are able to travel and settle in this remote part of the earth. Pacific Islanders used traditional navigational knowledge to travel against storms and current on Pacific Ocean over past centauries, by using canoes. This essay will discuss the two theory of migration with archaeological evidence of origin, the traditional techniques of navigation shared by Steve, and it will state, why and how the ancient navigation is more favored than modern navigation. There are theories that explain how Pacific islanders had settled over the years by people who came to our region at various times. One classical example of such theory is by Andrew Sharp, who stated through his hypotheses that Hawaiian were settled by voyagers on a drifting canoe blown of its course while sailing between closed spaced islands (unit 2 Arrival). However, some of the debated theories has been disapproved due to archaeological evidence and traditional navigational knowledge. The two wave of migration was later believed to be true into Pacific, when it was proven with evidence by archeologist Roger Green. It was stated that ancient theory of migration was occurred around 40,000 years ago and the second wave of migration in the pacific was occurred around 3000 to 4000 years ago (unit 2 Arrival). The first theory of migration refers to the group that entered the Pacific and settled at Huon Peninsula and the high lands of New Guinea and later migrate to bigger Islands in the Pacific such as the Solomon, the Bismarck and Vanuatu. They were named as â€Å"Near Oceania†. This ancient migration is supported by the slow boat model of migration where Near Oceania mingled, this can be seen through, intermarriage of islanders and they are widely populated. The second wave of migration, was occurred around 3000-4000 years ago which it was believed that they were originated from Southeast Asia. According to Gibbons, Beellwoods argues that archaeological evidence has trace the uniqueness of pottery that are seen in Vanuatu and New Caledonia, and later in Fiji around 300 years ago and they believed that these people then migrate far east with the red -slipped pottery decorated with geometric pattern to Tonga and other Islands (Gibbons, 2001). From these two migration theories, archaeological evidence and the DNA of Y chromosomes of the Pacific islanders, it had proven that the inhabitants of the Pacific, had Originated from south east Asia. Furthermore, Oral knowledge is equally valid as written knowledge, by looking at how early inhabited Islanders had travel the open Ocean, using various navigational techniques. Steve from Ulithi of Federated state of Micronesia has discussed the ideas of traditional navigational skills that are pass down by their ancestors through chants and oral histories. Steve explained navigational techniques, by displaying seven shells on a mat as a teaching venue in which, it represents stars and islands. As Steve had stated, a navigator should know the names, the position of the stars in terms of direction and which star for an islands (unit 2 Arrival). Navigational chants help navigators to memories directions when they are confused or meet storms that move them from their position of the destination. Weather condition and the sky itself also give suitable time to travel as well as when to travel within a year. As a navigator, it is important to know the bearing by using land reference as a guide line to and from where the destination is heading until the island disappears from the horizon. However, when unfavorable weather approaches, sailors have to put down sail, roll it up, adjust mast to be straight, secure up ropes, and balance the canoe to keep it afloat on the water (unit 2 Arrival). Additionally, when a storm approaches a navigator should know where the wind is heading or come from, and observe the current of waves in order to locate the right direction. According to Andrade, a navigator is like an eye of the canoe, by keeping the vessel on the course, using the appearance of the heavenly bodies such as the moon, planet and the sun through oral knowledge. Assessing the two sailing techniques, the modern way and the ancient way of navigation, the ancient navigational technology is more preferred than the modern technology. This is because; ancient way of navigation doesn’t need technical people or qualification to travel the open ocean as compared to modern way. For instance, early islanders equip with chants, oral knowledge and navigational skills to search far distance Islands in the Pacific Ocean with food, water, animal and other important plants. Most importantly, preserving and learning the techniques of ancient navigational techniques is the matter of concern, in order for the Islanders to pass this knowledge from one generation to another. Additionally, ancient navigation helps native Islanders to know natural things around them through observing, the color of sky, the movement of waves and the wind and the position of the stars. To conclude, there are debated theories of how the Islanders had settled in the Pacific over the past years. Through archeological evidence and DNA tests, it has known that the early Pacific islanders had settled in the Pacific through two wave of migration. Steve from Ulithi had shared important techniques of navigation through understanding the nature such as the stars, the sky and the waves in order to navigate the open ocean. Thus, many Pacific Islands relied on oral knowledge and beliefs in terms of chants, history and myths, which are equally valid as written knowledge. As a result, the ancient navigation techniques are more favored than the modern navigation technique.

The Issues of Abortion and Gay Marriage Essay -- Abortion Political Ga

The Issues of Abortion and Gay Marriage The issues of abortion and gay marriage rights were issues that were fought over constantly by Liberals and Conservatives in the last elections. Both parties had different ways of looking at these problems, hence they both had different ideas as to how we could solve these problems. The Conservatives tended to take a more traditional stance, whereas the Liberals were set on pursuing the problem with new age solutions. The issue of gay marriage is a rather new controversy that has only become disputed in the last decade. In a changing world gay marriage is now a huge issue that must be dealt with. The gay community believes that the 14th amendment permits gay marriage, but the law heeds to reflect this. Whereas the anti-same-sex marriage advocates are working to amend the constitution to make same sex marriage illegal. Because of the rising numbers in people who believe strongly on either side of this conflict, this has now become a national issue. Before the recent elections gay marriage was a states issue. Now that Bush is elected, he plans to make gay marriage illegal nationwide, and ban all gay unions. The other huge issue, which was brought up frequently during the race for the presidential election, was that of abortion. Abortion has always been a very controversial issue between people of different moral and religious beliefs. Because some religions consider abortion as the same thing as murdering a person, and some believe that it is ok because the fetus is not yet born, this issue has been very tough to come to a compromise. Before the most recent election occurred, abortion was a states issue. But now that Bush has been elected abortion will now become ... ...y as Burke shows when he states, â€Å"As the ends of such a partnership (social contract) cannot be obtained in many generations, it becomes a partnership not only between those who are living, but between those who are living, those who are dead, and those who are to be born†(Reflections on the Revolution in France 150). This quote actually literally points out that the right of life that is included in the social contract apply to everybody including the unborn. We have now seen the different ideologies towards current issues here in America, broken down by both past and present liberalists and conservatives. Though both sometimes tend to overlap on certain political principles, both philosophies derive from very different backgrounds and ideals. As time progresses, both ideologies will continue to evolve, at different paces mind you, and on different tangents.

Bureaucracy in Public Service

As Weber noticed nearly a century ago, with the rationalization of society, bureaucracy becomes inevitable (Weber, 1968/1921) and in the contemporary society, bureaucracy – whether private or public – is ubiquitous. Without it, few of the routine features of our modern society would be possible; the collection of taxes and the production and distribution of goods and services, for example, would be difficult, if not impossible. (Dandeker, 1990) Bureaucracies control people by replacing human judgement with nonhuman technology, thus creating a formalistic impersonality of the system.Even bureaucracy itself can be seen as a huge nonhuman technology that functions more or less automatically. Rules, regulations, and institutional structures replace the adaptability of human decisions, that is, employees of bureaucratic organizations generally follow the rules and regulations in a predetermined sequence instead of evaluating each case separately. They must get their jobs don e in a certain way by a certain time without mistakes, and the role of informal systems of human action is diminished by the highly formalized structures.Bureaucracy controls not only employees of an organization but her clients as well. An organization provides services and one must apply for the services on a specific form by a specific date. One will receive those services only in a certain way and under strict conditions. (Ritzer, 1998) Client categories used by organizations decide what information a client is supposed to provide, and this information will generate a denial or a grant of a specific requested service. Snellen, 1998) Although bureaucracy is present in both public and private organizations, there are large differences between the two types of organizations and the services they deliver. The first difference is the monopolistic character of public organizations, i. e. , often a citizen does not have a choice between different public organizations (as is the case wi th private organizations) because there is only one public organization that provides a particular service. A second difference is that a citizen is not always a voluntary ‘client’ of public organizations because the nation state is responsible for the collective goods.Public services will thus not only increase personal benefits and rights, but will also consist of activities that address the duties of citizens (e. g. , tax collection). Third, citizens have a voice in the determination of public service delivery through voting, referenda, and public hearings. (Lips, 1998) The citizen (as citoyen, carrier of democratic rights) enters into debates with political-administrative organizations. When consensus has been established, politicians instruct the public organizations who execute these instructions.The citizen (now as client) uses the services provided by public organizations. (Zuurmond, 1996a; Zuurmond, 1996b) Fourth, public services are subject to specific norms a nd values, like legitimacy, legal certainty and equality of rights, as a consequence of the government’s responsibility for the collective good. This results in the fifth difference between public and private services: continuity in the deliverance of services to citizens and accessibility of public services to all citizens ought to be more important goals for public services than gaining profits.The services provided to the citizen (as client of public organizations) thus have a different character than the services provided to the customer (as client of private organizations). The view of the citizen as client is not an old view. A few decades ago, the political process of determining the ‘business of government’ (i. e. , determination of public products, services, and information provided to citizens) was perceived as the most important part of the public service delivery.The dominant focus was on the supplier- side of public service delivery; the government k new what was best for their citizens and the government decided what way and form of service provision was most appropriate to address these citizens. This focus shifted gradually to the production and delivery of public goods, services, and information. Standards like efficiency and effectiveness were introduced in public organizations and the functioning of the public organization became most important.During this period, the view of the citizen as a client of public organizations came into being. (Lips, 1998) Recently, the focus shifted to the feedback of citizens on both wanted and received public products, services, and information. This is at least the case in the Netherlands (Lips, 1998), but it is likely to apply to other national governments as well. Where the government’s attitude initially was ‘we know what is good for you’, it has changed to ‘let us know what is good for you’.This view is a result of increased attention to the spending of administrative organizations, and standards like efficiency and effectiveness have played a role as well. Also, concepts and methods with proven success in the private sector, like management, budgeting, marketing, but also service delivery itself, have been introduced in the public sector. This requires changes in the organization of public service provision. Governments perceive information and communication technologies (ICTs) as an important means to realize these changes.ICT applications in public service delivery potentially bring about not only increased effectiveness, increased efficiency, an improved client-orientation, and a reduction of cost, but also an improved comprehensiveness of information processes of public service delivery between government and the citizen. (Lips, 1998) The efforts of public organizations to administer to each of many citizens their precise ‘due’ in terms of the organizational treatments they ‘deserve’, results in a bu lk of demands for personal information. Rule, McAdam, Stearns, & Uglow, 1980) The large quantity of personal information does not take place solely for the benefit of the clients, but for the benefit of the organizations as well, for organizations are trying to manage risks by gathering personal information in order to establish the kind of person they are dealing with (Lyon, 2001). Today, one of the most obvious indicators of the pervasiveness of bureaucracy is the massive expansion of the personal information which is held by a range of public – and private – organizations. As Dandeker (1990) stated strikingly, â€Å"the age of bureaucracy is also the era of the information society†

Social Learning: Knowledge Acquisition in a Social Context

Social learning theory posits that knowledge acquisition is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behaviour, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement.Role Model TheorySocial learning theory states that people learn from the people that they look up to; this has a huge effect on children of young age and because of their age and knowledge they don’t fully know what’s wrong and what’s right, so that’s why most children look up to celebs on T. V and they want to achieve what they have achieved, sometimes a child’s biggest role models are their parents and they will imitate their behaviour for example if the father of a child is abusive and rough with them than the child might grow up thinking th at was normal and imitate the behaviours when they are older.Social learning theory was first introduced in 1977 by Albert Bandura and he stated that behaviour is learned from the environment around us and through the process of observational learning, for example a child’s environment and upraising is very important in influencing the child’s behaviour in later life, if the child’s environment is a rough area and are brought up by rough parents then the child is more likely to copy the actions and the behaviour of the parents when they grow up.This is clearly illustrated in the Bobo Doll experiment in 1961 by Bandura. Bobo Doll Experiment In 1961 Albert Bandura selected 36 boys and 36 girls from ages between 3 to 6 years old, bandura also chose 2 adults a male and a female; he wanted the adults act aggressively towards the Bobo doll while 24 of the children watched, he wanted the adults act as role models for the children so he can analyse what effects that has on the children, the adults were told to throw the doll about and attack it with various weapons like toy guns, hammers and sticks.While 24 of the group of children watched the 2 adults hitting the doll, the other group of 24 children were watching a non-aggressive adults and the final 24 child were used as a control group and not exposed to any model at all. After the children experienced the adult’s (whether they were  aggressive, non-aggressive or no adult) they were taken in the room with toys and they were also told not to play or touch the toys, as the children got angry and frustrated over the rule of not playing with the toys they were taken to another room where there was a Bobo doll and aggressive and non-aggressive toys that they were allowed to play with, the experimenters recorded the children behaviour.Bandura found out that the children who were exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model, those children who were exposed to the aggressive model started hitting the doll with a toy gun and a hammer and also started to punch, kick and throwing it while shouting at the doll. But the children that were exposed to non-aggressive models did not react aggressively towards the Bobo doll instead they just played with the toys and the Bobo doll. Self-full filling prophecySelf-fulfilling prophecy a positive or negative expectation about people that may affect a person’s behaviour towards another in a manner that causes those expectations to be made true. e. g. â€Å"treat others how you would like to be treated â€Å"This happens because our beliefs influence our actions. A child might have low self-esteem so he/she will not try out for any sports teams because their belief is that they are not confident and good enough so he/she will make that belief and prediction happen because they have no self-esteem and confidence.Anti-discrimination behaviour Ant i-discrimination behaviour is action taken to prevent discrimination against people on the grounds of race, class, gender, disability etc. Anti-discriminatory practice promotes equality by introducing anti-discrimination policies in the workplace, this is a good way to preventing discrimination in the workplace because it makes the employees aware of the rules and the horrible effects that discrimination could have on people including self harm and suicide.Another really good way of preventing discrimination on a wide scale is to get popular celebrities to promote a campaigned against discrimination on T. V so it can be seen by millions. Because the campaign is promoted by a popular celebrity it will have lots of followers and supporters, this is because the celebrity acts as a role model and will influence their fans to prevent discrimination from happening.As well as celebrities preventing discrimination and promoting anti- discrimination, other people who aren’t celebritie s can also promote anti-discrimination but it will take longer than celebrities because not everyone is well known and have that many supporters or fans to follow them, this can be done by a person encouraging family and friends together and telling them to let others know about anti-discrimination and after a while more and more people will be promoting the campaign.With lots of supporters. An example of a celebrity promoting anti-discrimination is David Beckham and he promotes the â€Å"SAY NO TO RACISIM† campaign through videos, conventions and also by telling supporters to spread the word, because is well known and liked around the world he has a huge number of followers on twitter which he also uses to promote his campaign. Groups and effects of others (Asch experiment)Solomon Asch conducted a series of experiments in which he studied the willingness of an individual to fit in a group while answering a question, even when those answers were obviously wrong. In the experi ment, subjects who were unaware of the actual experiment were told that they were participating in a vision test. In reality though, each subject was placed in a group of people for the experiments. The people in the group were fully aware of the true purpose of the study.The aim of the experiment was to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. They seated the group in a classroom and they were asked a variety of questions about an image on which was placed in front of them which contained straight line labelled A, B and C and they were asked how long line A was, which line was longer than the other, which lines were the same length, etc.The group was told to answer each question out loud in front of the rest of the group, with the accomplices of the experiment always answering before the subjects and always giving the same answers as the others. They answered a few of the questions correctly, but then started answering incorrectly on purpose. The results of this experiment were that nearly 75 percent of the participants in the conformity experiments went along with the rest of the group at least one time even though the answer was obviously wrong.The results showed that people feel pressured go along with the majority of people because they feel pressured to fit in with the group and not stand alone against them. Health and Social Care An example of a positive role model for children to look up to and be inspired by is a doctor because they are respected by society and also they help people in need as they save the life’s of hundreds, this makes children look up to them because they see them as hard working, intelligent and respected professionals who make sick people better.Another reason a doctor is a good role model is that their professional achievement is an indication that they have finished education and worked hard to get to where they are, so that influences children to do work har d to and do well in school to get to where they want to be. They are also positive role model because they promote a healthy living and the majority of them promote anti-discrimination and these influence kids to be health and not to judge people because of their skin or background. Social Learning: Knowledge Acquisition in a Social Context Social learning theory posits that knowledge acquisition is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behaviour, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement.Role Model TheorySocial learning theory states that people learn from the people that they look up to; this has a huge effect on children of young age and because of their age and knowledge they don’t fully know what’s wrong and what’s right, so that’s why most children look up to celebs on T. V and they want to achieve what they have achieved, sometimes a child’s biggest role models are their parents and they will imitate their behaviour for example if the father of a child is abusive and rough with them than the child might grow up thinking th at was normal and imitate the behaviours when they are older.Social learning theory was first introduced in 1977 by Albert Bandura and he stated that behaviour is learned from the environment around us and through the process of observational learning, for example a child’s environment and upraising is very important in influencing the child’s behaviour in later life, if the child’s environment is a rough area and are brought up by rough parents then the child is more likely to copy the actions and the behaviour of the parents when they grow up.This is clearly illustrated in the Bobo Doll experiment in 1961 by Bandura. Bobo Doll Experiment In 1961 Albert Bandura selected 36 boys and 36 girls from ages between 3 to 6 years old, bandura also chose 2 adults a male and a female; he wanted the adults act aggressively towards the Bobo doll while 24 of the children watched, he wanted the adults act as role models for the children so he can analyse what effects that has on the children, the adults were told to throw the doll about and attack it with various weapons like toy guns, hammers and sticks.While 24 of the group of children watched the 2 adults hitting the doll, the other group of 24 children were watching a non-aggressive adults and the final 24 child were used as a control group and not exposed to any model at all. After the children experienced the adult’s (whether they were  aggressive, non-aggressive or no adult) they were taken in the room with toys and they were also told not to play or touch the toys, as the children got angry and frustrated over the rule of not playing with the toys they were taken to another room where there was a Bobo doll and aggressive and non-aggressive toys that they were allowed to play with, the experimenters recorded the children behaviour.Bandura found out that the children who were exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model, those children who were exposed to the aggressive model started hitting the doll with a toy gun and a hammer and also started to punch, kick and throwing it while shouting at the doll. But the children that were exposed to non-aggressive models did not react aggressively towards the Bobo doll instead they just played with the toys and the Bobo doll. Self-full filling prophecySelf-fulfilling prophecy a positive or negative expectation about people that may affect a person’s behaviour towards another in a manner that causes those expectations to be made true. e. g. â€Å"treat others how you would like to be treated â€Å"This happens because our beliefs influence our actions. A child might have low self-esteem so he/she will not try out for any sports teams because their belief is that they are not confident and good enough so he/she will make that belief and prediction happen because they have no self-esteem and confidence.Anti-discrimination behaviour Ant i-discrimination behaviour is action taken to prevent discrimination against people on the grounds of race, class, gender, disability etc. Anti-discriminatory practice promotes equality by introducing anti-discrimination policies in the workplace, this is a good way to preventing discrimination in the workplace because it makes the employees aware of the rules and the horrible effects that discrimination could have on people including self harm and suicide.Another really good way of preventing discrimination on a wide scale is to get popular celebrities to promote a campaigned against discrimination on T. V so it can be seen by millions. Because the campaign is promoted by a popular celebrity it will have lots of followers and supporters, this is because the celebrity acts as a role model and will influence their fans to prevent discrimination from happening.As well as celebrities preventing discrimination and promoting anti- discrimination, other people who aren’t celebritie s can also promote anti-discrimination but it will take longer than celebrities because not everyone is well known and have that many supporters or fans to follow them, this can be done by a person encouraging family and friends together and telling them to let others know about anti-discrimination and after a while more and more people will be promoting the campaign.With lots of supporters. An example of a celebrity promoting anti-discrimination is David Beckham and he promotes the â€Å"SAY NO TO RACISIM† campaign through videos, conventions and also by telling supporters to spread the word, because is well known and liked around the world he has a huge number of followers on twitter which he also uses to promote his campaign. Groups and effects of others (Asch experiment)Solomon Asch conducted a series of experiments in which he studied the willingness of an individual to fit in a group while answering a question, even when those answers were obviously wrong. In the experi ment, subjects who were unaware of the actual experiment were told that they were participating in a vision test. In reality though, each subject was placed in a group of people for the experiments. The people in the group were fully aware of the true purpose of the study.The aim of the experiment was to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. They seated the group in a classroom and they were asked a variety of questions about an image on which was placed in front of them which contained straight line labelled A, B and C and they were asked how long line A was, which line was longer than the other, which lines were the same length, etc.The group was told to answer each question out loud in front of the rest of the group, with the accomplices of the experiment always answering before the subjects and always giving the same answers as the others. They answered a few of the questions correctly, but then started answering incorrectly on purpose. The results of this experiment were that nearly 75 percent of the participants in the conformity experiments went along with the rest of the group at least one time even though the answer was obviously wrong.The results showed that people feel pressured go along with the majority of people because they feel pressured to fit in with the group and not stand alone against them. Health and Social Care An example of a positive role model for children to look up to and be inspired by is a doctor because they are respected by society and also they help people in need as they save the life’s of hundreds, this makes children look up to them because they see them as hard working, intelligent and respected professionals who make sick people better.Another reason a doctor is a good role model is that their professional achievement is an indication that they have finished education and worked hard to get to where they are, so that influences children to do work har d to and do well in school to get to where they want to be. They are also positive role model because they promote a healthy living and the majority of them promote anti-discrimination and these influence kids to be health and not to judge people because of their skin or background.

Free Essays on Spanish Armada

Due to rising tensions between England and Spain, in 1588 the two nations confronted each other in one of histories greatest naval showdowns. There were many reasons for the confrontation, but a few primary causations can be named. Firstly, there was an underlying conflict of Spanish Catholicism vs. English Protestantism. Phillip the II of Spain had the backing of the papacy and was ardently opposed to any kind of Protestantism. On the contrary, when Elizabeth became the Queen of England, she made Protestantism the official state religion and made attendance to the Church of England compulsory for all citizens. The religious rivalry between the two nations escalated steadily and eventually ended up in war. Prior to 1588, Spain had been fighting a Protestant rebellion in the Low Countries, and had been doing well. Opposed to the spread of Catholicism and Spanish rule, England saw it as her duty to send military aid to the Dutch Protestants. The war which had started as a Dutch rebellion had turned into a proxy war between the Spanish and the English. An already tense situation was made worse when Elizabeth executed Mary, Queen of Scotts, the Catholic wife of Phillip the II. The whole time that this religious rivalry was occurring, the problem of privateering was slowly gnawing away at the Spanish economy. Spain had established colonies in the new world and was exporting huge amounts of bullion to support her economy. The government of Spain absolutely relied on this money to make her economy function. The English crown actively supported privateering efforts which would serve two purposes: 1. to increase the wealth of England and 2. to detract from the wealth of Spain. These acts of privateering were a large cause of the showdown between Spain and England. There are two main reasons that Spain lost her Armada. First there was the issue of poor leadership. A few months prior to setting sail, the commander of the Sp... Free Essays on Spanish Armada Free Essays on Spanish Armada Due to rising tensions between England and Spain, in 1588 the two nations confronted each other in one of histories greatest naval showdowns. There were many reasons for the confrontation, but a few primary causations can be named. Firstly, there was an underlying conflict of Spanish Catholicism vs. English Protestantism. Phillip the II of Spain had the backing of the papacy and was ardently opposed to any kind of Protestantism. On the contrary, when Elizabeth became the Queen of England, she made Protestantism the official state religion and made attendance to the Church of England compulsory for all citizens. The religious rivalry between the two nations escalated steadily and eventually ended up in war. Prior to 1588, Spain had been fighting a Protestant rebellion in the Low Countries, and had been doing well. Opposed to the spread of Catholicism and Spanish rule, England saw it as her duty to send military aid to the Dutch Protestants. The war which had started as a Dutch rebellion had turned into a proxy war between the Spanish and the English. An already tense situation was made worse when Elizabeth executed Mary, Queen of Scotts, the Catholic wife of Phillip the II. The whole time that this religious rivalry was occurring, the problem of privateering was slowly gnawing away at the Spanish economy. Spain had established colonies in the new world and was exporting huge amounts of bullion to support her economy. The government of Spain absolutely relied on this money to make her economy function. The English crown actively supported privateering efforts which would serve two purposes: 1. to increase the wealth of England and 2. to detract from the wealth of Spain. These acts of privateering were a large cause of the showdown between Spain and England. There are two main reasons that Spain lost her Armada. First there was the issue of poor leadership. A few months prior to setting sail, the commander of the Sp...

BUY PAPERS

BUY PAPERS Essay writing is essential part of any educational program. There are different types of essays that are being required to be written by the students. One of the mostly used essay types is observation essay. There are two options to go about this assignment. One is writing the paper and doing your best, the other option is to give this assignment to professional writer and buy papers online. Observation essay outline requires clear description, main facts presentation and general rules overview.    Observation essay outline concentrates on description and maid facts. Important aspect of observation essay is actually fundamental style of writing. Do a few sketches before you start composing your original observation essay. Ensure that you purely stick to the basic standard for essay writing. Try and create a special atmosphere to be present at the moment. Write at present tense. Display as many details as possible using senses of smell, light, touch, sound and taste. Employ your skill to develop parallels and include comparisons. BUY PAPERS Whether you are attending college or university, essay and term paper writing is definitely the most important part of any educational process. There are different types of papers which are being required and recommended to be written by the students. Among the mostly used and wide spread writing forms is observation essay. There can be two alternatives to go about this assignment. The first option is writing the paper on your own and doing all of your best. And the other option would be giving this assignment to professional writer, buy papers through secure essay writing online system. Observation essay outline demands clear and simply clear description. The main facts representation and general rules overview must be written as well. Observation essay outline concentrates on written description and main facts. Important aspect of observation essay is actually the fundamental style of writing. Perform a few sketches before you start composing your actual observation essay writing. Make sure that you strictly stick to the basic standard for observation essay writing format. BUY PAPERS Another important type of writing that you probably know about is junior research paper. Being a type of academic writing, junior research paper gives description of the research results. If a student is interested in gaining experience in research competition, then a junior research paper is written. We have gathered a list of important and useful tips that are able to help you create a junior research paper today. If you need assistance with writing junior research paper, you can always consult our writers and buy papers online.   The cover page or the junior research paper shows research field and research title that are concise. Include a research thesis approval by the college or university board. Introduction will discuss the thesis statement, important parts of the research. You may also include several aspects of the research problem. Body paragraphs will include methods and procedures used while doing a research itself. Then present results or findings in logical manner. Also, use graphics and tables as a fact or an argument. Conclusion must not only show but interpret the presented materials. Restate the thesis statement or the hypothesis. Remind the findings and give full interpretation of the received results. Finish up with a cited literature including list of citations.

Outlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outlines - Essay Example Terrorists have been very successful at brainwashing young people through the Internet. This must be stopped. Terrorists take advantage of shifting alliances. They look for weaknesses and exploit them. In order to tackle terrorism, we have to work together. We have to isolate regimes that support terrorism and work hard to come up with common policies that allow us to stay united. All businesses require excellent human resources programs if they wish to be profitable and successful. In order for these programs to work well there must high morales. One thing is for sure: the quality of a food companys products and services and its reputation reflect the type of management it has and the morale of employees. In order to create high morale, the following steps should be taken at this company: The training process introduces employees to the company and in some ways sets the tone for the rest of their work term. Make sure they know from the beginning that they are valued and important to the company. Show them how to do things properly. Without respect people feel worthless and sullen. They want to be seen to be human beings. That mean treat people well and give them something to look forward to. Something they can work towards. Otherwise they will not be productive Communication is key. In order to solve morale problems, managers have to communicate with employees. They have to let employees know what is expected of them and what the future holds. If this doesn’t happen then employees will feel left out in the cold and

How To Be Idle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

How To Be Idle - Essay Example However, there is a deeper insight that Hodgkinson is trying to convey to readers of the book. He is simply telling us that doing nothing can be as good as doing something because it has psychological and physical benefits. First of all, idleness can be a form of relaxation to stop us from completely ruining our physical health. It is not uncommon nowadays to see middle-aged managers suffering from diabetes or heart conditions. More often than not, these busy lot of young leaders resort to unhealthy habits like smoking or over-eating as a coping mechanism to stress. They run like headless chickens when deadlines set in and fire orders like missiles to their subordinates. Later, they succumb to various health conditions because they simply failed to stop and smell the flowers. These people would extract productivity from most of their waking hours by doing work-related tasks even on moments where they could be just resting. In fact, even on a very busy workday, there is time to breath e and daydream. Hodgkinson advocates daydreaming or meditation when caught in circumstances that leaves us no choice but to wait like being stuck in a traffic jam (228). Apparently, traffic jams are blessings because these situations are beyond our control despite all the planning we can make. Normally, when a busy person gets caught in a traffic jam, he starts calling on other people to arrange matters due to delay. Busy people would never consider an idle time. On the other hand, the art of idleness teaches us to pray, meditate or daydream which can be more productive and healthy for our psychological well-being. Prayer and meditation calms the body and lowers blood pressure. A power nap is also good especially on long trips because we can recharge our brain. Daydreaming brings forth our creative thinking that can help us solve some conflicts that we are dealing with. Busy people often miss out the benefits that they can derive from such idle tasks that Hodgkinson suggests. Actual ly, the author is not telling people to be lazy and counter-productive. He is teaching us to rewire ourselves and explore the advantages of using idle time to make us more productive. Another issue that this book is trying to emphasize is the struggle between quantity and quality. The set-up of our lives depends on parameters that are quantitative in nature. For example, a person who goes to the gym boasts of the number of hours spent on doing exercises rather than the quality of the routine. Instead of feeling good about being able to exercise, fitness buffs would worry about the calories they eat or the hours they spent at the gym. Hodgkinson cited the nap that Winston Churchill took every afternoon which made him very productive later. Likewise, if we want our bodies to grow muscle or lose weight, we need to sleep well. Sleep helps us regenerate and heal from the normal wear and tear of daily living. What more when we are subjected to daily stressful situations? Well, not far beh ind would be insomnia, depression, and burn-out. The mind and body also breaks down at a certain point. People normally think that more is better when the real maxim of living is quality not quantity. Lives should have more breadth or depth rather than a bunch of jam packed hours that crams tasks or things-to-do. While being organized is a good idea, too much of

Why Women love to wear High heels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Why Women love to wear High heels - Essay Example The study shows that for the actual basis of interview, women ranging from the ages 16 and above shall be interviewed and asked several questions. They are to be randomly chosen by the researcher giving a chance for random answers to come forth. Meanwhile, the survey analysis shall be sent to at least 15 women of random ages and random races so as to have a better view as to how they perceive wearing high heels based on their age and their cultural origin. Basically, this process shall be embraced by the researcher to set apart women who are fond of wearing high heels from those who are less interested in them. From there, the researcher shall try to identify the separating identities of the sample population asked to participate in the research and which of these characteristics are common among those who love to wear the heels. This section of the study further aims to simply the most effective ways of understanding the ways by which women perceive the need and the want to wear high heeled shoes. With the use of a five-point summary and an implicative presentation on the summation of the collected data within the study, the conclusion of the research shall be presented herein. Closing the research with a remarkable recommendation on what women should do to balance their views on fashion, personality and health shall further make this study more than just an explanatory source of identification on how and why women are practically attached to using high heels from then until now and perhaps even in the future.

Ukraine in The World Bank Group Essay Example for Free

Ukraine in The World Bank Group Essay There have been major changes that have been experienced across the world and in many countries, Ukraine being one of them. Ukraine has experienced several changes in terms of population, labour, income distribution, education, social mobility as well as the living conditions of the citizens over the year 2008 to 2015. Over the year 2008 to the year 2015, the population of Ukraine have been observed to decline due to the large number of older people. In the year 2013, the population stood at about 45.59 million people as compared to the year 2010 where the population stood at 46. 01 million people (The World Bank Group, 2015). The decline in the population of Ukraine have in turn affected the labour market of the country whereby the country has over the years experienced lack of labour in addition to higher rates of unemployment. The labour market experienced an increase in the rate of unemployment at 8.90% compared to the previous year 8.60%. As of the year 2015, about 524.4 (thousands) of Ukraine citizens were unemployed compared to the year 2014 on April when the figure stood at about 474.7 (thousands) unemployed persons. The high rate of unemployment in the country has also contributed towards the poor living conditions (The World Bank Group, 2015). It was also observed between the year 2008 and 2015 that the level of poverty in the country increased from 7.1% in the year 2008 to about 9.1% by the year 2012. The increase in the level of poverty can be attributed to the increase in inflation which rose from about 24.90% in the year 2014 to about 28.50% in the year 2015. The increase inflation also caused an increase in the core consumer prices, which increased from 122.80 in 2014 to 126.10 in 2015 (The World Bank Group, 2015). This meant that the affordability of food became an issue resulting in poor living standards and the consumers have to pay more prices for basic needs such as food. Furthermore, there has been change in the education system of the country. The number of people attending schools in Ukraine has been observed to increase over the years whereby in the year 2012, the percentage of the population seeking for education reached about 106%. This indicates that the Ukraine society have embraced education in large numbers to gain skills which can allow them to get employment in other regions across the world (Trading economics.com, 2015). On the issue of income distribution, majority of the population in Ukraine falls under the category of lower and middle income earners. The wages paid to employed persons in the country per month experienced a decline from the year 2014 to the year 2015. In 2014, the average monthly wage stood at about 4,012.00 while in the year 2015 the wages stood at 3,455.00, a clear indication that there was a decrease in the wages (Trading economics.com, 2015). Finally, the social mobility of Ukraine population has increased over the years as they seek for more opportunities outside of Ukraine. It is to be noted that most have migrated to the United States and other countries for job opportunities and to try have better lives than they did in Ukraine. References The World Bank Group (2015) Ukraine, Accessed from http://data.worldbank.org/country/ukraine on 4th March 2015 Trading economics.com (2015) Ukraine, Accessed from http://www.tradingeconomics.com/ukraine on 4th March 2015 Source document

Isolation in A Rose for Emily Essay -- essays papers

Isolation in A Rose for Emily The year is 1852, Emily Grierson has just been born into the small town of Jefferson. A town she will soon discover has distinct hierarchial differences and social classes that are to be followed by everyone in her community. However this same community and the values which it holds will eventually be a key factor in determining Miss Emily's madness. "A Rose for Emily", tells the story of a woman who fails to live up to her high reputation and fitting in a community where almost everyone knows each others business. William Faulkner lets the reader into the life of Emily Grierson from two different key perspectives, man and woman. The men represent respectful affection towards Emily, while the women are just plain curious and enjoy gossiping behind her back. In this story Faulkner reveals how a community's actions, or in this case, lack of action can contribute to one's madness. Faulkner opens "A Rose for Emily" with a lengthy fifty-six-word single sentence that shows the community's reaction to her death and describes the scene through gender differences. Although both men and women attend the funeral, they do so for very distinct reasons. Faulkner writes, "When Miss Emily died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant- a combined gardener and cook- had seen in at least ten years" (p.52-53). With this initial passage we see what motivates the townspeople to attend Emily's funeral. Although the men attend the funeral to show a sort of respectful affection, the reader gets the feeling that the men have attended because th... ...uses to enter. It is safe to say that there are a large number of factors that help contribute to Miss Emily's madness. Her father's over controlling relationship, is not a healthy one and does not really prepare her for dealing with relationships in the future. However, when her father dies she does not receive the support she deserves from the community, simply because of her high patriarchal status. She is not regarded as a real person, who has feelings just like anyone else, instead she is put on a pedestal that she can not live up to and like an old fallen monument she leaves the people of Jefferson behind, without having a friend or someone that even cared about her. Maybe if someone would have come to her in her time of need she could have received the help she desperately needed and maybe she might have lead a fulfilling, normal and enjoyable life.

To What Extent Was the Financial Crisis Caused by Too Much or Too Little Government Intervention?

Discussed in this essay will be key factors that played in the development of the financial crisis of 2007, an overview of the causes and instruments used to the build up and possible preventions, followed by the influences from the government, if any that had an underlining effect toward the outcome. The Involvement Of New Bank Innovations Bank capital has a massive influence on the banking system effecting loan defaults, profits and lending, although the amount of outstanding lending has not decreased appropriately in early 2007, not being due to new lending but the previous loan commitments, lines of credit and securitisation. . New innovations have allowed banks reliant on funding market sources, with the rise in the covered bond market and the increase in securitisation made banks dependant on capital markets and less dependant on expanding their loan base allowing banks to easily switch deposits to other forms of financing, acquiring funds from affiliates for example.2 Growth i n securitisation activity created a lack of incentive for banks to grant credit and comply with monetary policy changes, an unregulated approach to the screening of borrowers, checks would assume securities passed through the market allowing borrowers in the past declined credit being able to qualify and later on would lead to greater default rates on loans.Thinking that by selling the pool of mortgages banks are also passing on the risk, they exposed themselfs , their underwriting issuances, when the market collapsed banks suffered great losses with their related products, by the start of 2008 CDO related write downs and credit losses had reached $181 billion the massive decline lead to more cautious investors, greater liquidity demand and declining stock, this resulted in massive losses to the bank and securities firms, an example would be the collapse of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers using these examples shows how complex the system was and lead to the decline of CDO value thi s had a direct relation to the US housing market which began early 2007. Derivatives And Insurance The market for subprime mortgages and their securities grew and increased the market for default insurance, taking the form of credit default swaps a derivative security such as the insurance industry this involves gambling, and is estimated $16 trillion greater then the gross domestic product.Government sponsored companies like Fannie Mae refused to lend to buyers wanting to purchase homes in poor areas, agreeing to these terms they would have to show proof, distributing quotas of mortgages to ethnic minorities wishing to buy, when lenders were unable to meet these quotas Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac persuaded lenders to buy subprime mortgages. A poor investment which was made worse by the fact that charges to subprime borrower were at a higher interest rate increasing the risk of default, for lenders it didn’t matter the worth of the investment just as long as they could sell to the secondary mortgage market. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac packaged mortgages to sell the securities solely based on mortgage payments from the mortgages accumulated, creating securities based on the initial first/last claims of mortgage payments.These companies showed a small profit margin using securitisation but were soon to lose after paying over the odds on subprime mortgages and not enough on the default insurance they provided. 4. The resell of a mortgage to a secondary market is commonly known as a mortgage backed security which is often bought by a hedge fund, which then takes out parts of the MBS from the 2nd or 3rd years of the interest only loans, this creates a greater risk but provides a high interest payment, using CDOs with other MBS to then resell to other hedge funds this is known as tranche, profitable until housing prices decline or interest rates restart, making mortgages default.Mortgages provide substantial value for derivatives, if the substantial value is cl assed as corporate debt, credit card debt or auto loans the derivative known as CDO, a payment that is due within a year, for instance insurance it can then be known as a CDS, a complicated market to value, unregulated by the SEC means that a lack of rules and oversights were unable to encourage trust and when bankruptcy occurs results in fear amongst the hedge funds and the banking system. Credit Rating Agencies Credit rating agencies share a fair amount of blame for the financial crisis, very little regulations regarding rating methods and lack corporate governance. The past 2 years changes in the rating system of structured redit has grown evermore unstable and has created a lack of confidence toward the future stability of credit ratings. CRAs lowered credit risk by applying AAA ratings to tranches like that of CDOs, giving the same ratings to government and corporate bonds creating lower returns, poor rating assessments underestimated credit default risks of subprime mortgages, providing unreliable data relating to the subprime market and underestimated relations in the defaults that would occur in a downturn, and with more securitisation meant greater portions of credit assets were held by investors assured by credit ratings, increasing the effects of forced selling by corporations using standard investment rules based on ratings.5. Hedge Funds. The hedge fund industry has grown over the past 2 years, fueled by the demand of higher returns from stock market declines and mounting pension fund liabilities, these inflows have had a positive effect on hedge fund returns and risks in recent years, this has been evident in the changes in reduced performance, increased illiquidity, hedge funds were designed by wealthy investors to work anonymously. At times of financial uncertainty rates on low credit illiquid investments, demand for high credit liquid investments, accompanied by the increase in credit spreads lead to greater margin calls and the relaxing of il liquid positions which generate further losses concluding the hedge fund collapse, these funds relied heavily on leverage and used to buy mortgages, as soon as loans were to default, 9investors left and were faced with abrupt liquidation.Credit spread is the strongest to affect hedge funds and during the crisis they were left with contact to emerging markets and convertible bond arbitrage. Hedge funds have been effected by the instability of the current financial market, bans on short selling, downturn on asset values in markets, the decline to take risks through banks and investors, The banking system is also affected through hedge fund risk from proprietary trading activities, credit arrangements, structured products and prime brokerage services. 6. The government played a part in the crisis in a number of ways, Interest rates were kept below guidelines globally prior to 2007 the unregulated structure of how mortgages were packaged and low risk assessment lead to the ise of house prices and the involvement towards the persuasion to buy MBS with Fannie Mae and similar companies which lead to their bankruptcy. 7 Due to the unpredictable downturn of the situation in late 2007 with complex financial products, a lack of equilibrium in credit ratings, bans and the premature sell out of investors in hedge funds, has created a domino effect in the financial market and resulted in the governments failure to identify the real issues in the collapse, polices associated with liquidity were put forward to only create matters worse, and finally realising the failure of the subprime mortgage market the Troubled Asset Relief Program was brought forward to no effect.The unregulated banking system created instability and was inevitable for the bailouts of banks and failing companies. The government had very little influence toward the preventions of the crisis and that in turn made them heavily responsible for each factor described above, the lack of regulation and constraint s to which resulted in massive cash bailouts with no conditions, this worked as an incentive for the banks to continue as they were, this is evident in the continuation of bonuses despite substantial losses with banks the governments generosity with bailouts allowed companies like Goldman Sachs to put $2. 6 billion aside for bonuses from a $13 billion bailout.

James Loewen

To describe this work overall is rather a monumental task because there aren’t many other books out there like this one.   Lies My Teacher Told Me by James Loewen takes on really two tasks.   One is to question and answer the concept of why students dislike history classes.   The second is to prove the idea that much of what students learn in American history classes is wrong and that there are many omissions.   The author can be described as a teacher who challenges the role of revisionist history in American schools. He says that much of American history alienates children of color by ignoring the fact that many of the people who contributed greatly to this country were indeed, non-white.   Because of the nature of textbooks in American high schools, much of college history classes are taken up â€Å"fixing† the subject matter that students have learned in high school history classes. Being a college history professor, he asserts this with confidence.   Loewen does not deny the importance of knowing history for one minute, but he does question what we know.   Loewen is a university professor of history at the University of Vermont, and his study in preparation for writing this book consisted of studying twelve textbooks covering a range in American history.   He set about to â€Å"analyze the process of textbook creation and adoption to explain what causes textbooks to be as bad as they are† and the effects of using them. So, why is history boring according to Loewen?   History is made up of nothing but stories which should not be boring, but textbook companies have left out anything that â€Å"might reflect badly upon our national character† (Loewen).   As Loewen says, there is no sense of drama in history taught in schools, and there is every sense that things will work out in the end.   This alone makes history boring.   It is also boring because â€Å"textbooks almost never use the present to illuminate the past† (Loewen).   Therefore, students have a difficult time understanding the relevance to their daily lives. History is portrayed as a â€Å"morality play,† in which the touchy areas are never taught or discussed.   Publishers tend not to acknowledge problems of today or use the past to shed some light.   They also never speak of the factors that contributed to problems; rather a â€Å"blame the victim† approach is used.   As Loewen says, â€Å"While there is nothing wrong with optimism, it does become something of a burden for students of color, children of working class parents, girls who notice an absence of women who made history, or any group that has not already been outstandingly successful† (Loewen).   This â€Å"burden† turns students off to history because it does not accurately address any of these things nor does it tell the full stories. Textbooks ignore many historical realities for a variety of reasons.   The biggest reason is that publishers believe that students must develop a sense of nationalism or patriotism.   To acknowledge troubling areas in our nation’s history is to run the risk that patriotism will not be developed.   A â€Å"happy† view of history leads Americans to believe that everything is okay, so students are not troubled.   This view of history embraces the American idea of individualism rather than looking at the many factors that affected lack of equal opportunity.   Textbooks make us believe that equal opportunity was and is an option for all. As for other reasons, Loewen does a thorough job pointing these out.   Facts are presented â€Å"as one damn thing after another† (Loewen).   Books â€Å"suppress causation† (Loewen).   In fact, many of the facts included are flat out wrong and many of the books are clones of each other, which means the facts are wrong over and over again.   They rarely include primary source documents, which Loewen compares to students taking a course in poetry without reading a poem.   Plus the books are just so darn big that students hate carrying them and reading them. In his Table of Contents he discusses all the false information or omissions based on his study of textbooks, such as the study of Christopher Columbus, Thanksgiving, Native Americans, the invisibility of racism, the absence of social class, the disappearance of the recent past, and the myth of progress to name a few.   These chapters contain much needed information about the true stories. The results of his study conclude that students are bored with or alienated from history or both.   They are also not able to use the past in order to think about the future.   He proposes this book partly in order to discuss how to assess all the various sources of knowledge about history and to help teachers think about how to learn history more accurately. As he ponders the idea of â€Å"truth† in revisionist history in every chapter, I will use one chapter as an example.   In the chapter entitled hero Making Heroes, examples are given of how textbooks leave important ideas or at least controversial ones out of the books.   For example, Loewen tells us that Helen Keller was a radical socialist.   Books leave out all mention of Woodrow Wilson’s racism and the fact that there was a new surge of racial violence in this country after his presidency. And last but not least, discussion of Christopher Columbus has been totally slanted.   He took land from the Native Americans and engaged in slave trade or forced labor.   He alone destroyed entire nations of Native Americans.   Only six of twelve textbooks even mentioned the idea of forced labor at all.   And yet, most of what is taught does none of these things. Loewen concludes with the statement that â€Å"students will start learning history when they see the point of doing so, when it seems interesting and important to them, and when they believe history might relate to their lives and futures† (Loewen). I believe the author does accomplish his goals.   He absolutely adequately sums up why students hate history.   The study of history seems all about facts and dates that have no relation to each other or to our lives.   History books are chock full of names and dates but not material that challenges the student to really think about and analyze history.   These facts are expected to be taken at face value and not to be questioned.   Any controversy is left out of books.   Students need to be taught history in a more meaningful way so that they can use the past to illuminate the future or even the future to illuminate the past. To me, understanding is the only reason to teach anything, not rote memorization of facts that aren’t even true.   I understand that standardized testing puts a lot of pressure on history teachers, but American schools should at least be able to find a way to present both sides of issues.   Students could truly be more interested in history that way.   Teaching only the wonderful qualities in American history and ignoring the disturbing parts is not a way to push students to become leaders of tomorrow.   If one truly wants to fix problems, one must first identify what the problems are.   For example, in terms of equal opportunity, it is important for students to realize that phrase was always a dream propagated by white people. People of color in this country have never had even a remote chance to thrive the way white people have.   Therefore, current practices like affirmative action might not seem so terrible if they understand the history all the way down the line.   There has always been affirmative action; it was just only for white people.   Now that we give it a name and make it policy to benefit nonwhite people, society is up in arms.   Teaching about the historical laws and rules that made it impossible to receive a fair chance if one was non-white is at least a step in the right direction.   Maybe that would help illuminate the present by using the past.   It would also highlight high level skills like synthesis and critical thinking. I detest the idea of revisionist history.   I understand that there are places where a thorough understanding is just not possible.   For example, teaching about our genocide of the Native Americans to elementary students is not a good idea.   However, we can teach about such things from primary source documents.   Falsities do not have to be taught.   We certainly do not need to reinforce the idea that Indians have all vanished or that they live in teepees still.   If all else fails, leave the study of these people or events out of history classes where students are too young to understand the ramifications. Loewen would not propose this as it would be yet another omission.   Loewen’s book should be required reading for any person planning on teaching anything.   Loewen gives a very thorough account of the many inaccuracies and omissions that are currently taught.   A lot of people have not had enough history after high school to even realize that this is the case or to put all the information together, to synthesize it in such a way that the light bulb finally comes on. And while it is much easier to take the safe route, that one is rarely the best.   In this culture we need more critical thinkers, not more people who can memorize facts.   In this information age, it is more crucial than ever to teach others how to think, not what to think.   Any fact we will ever need is at our fingertips on the Internet.   What we aren’t taught is how to analyze and evaluate or how to come to a conclusion based on thorough understanding of both sides (informed decisions).   In addition, teaching the truth of some of these historical inaccuracies might go a long way in helping racial inequities or other avenues where we â€Å"blame the victim† in our culture.   Certainly we would change our definition of America, but we might be more apt to become part of the solution. Works Cited Loewen, James, Lies My Teacher Told Me, Simon and Schuster, 1995.